Another New Year.......

"Happy New Year!" That greeting will be said and heard for at least the first couple of weeks as a new year gets under way. But the day celebrated as New Year's Day in modern America was not always January 1. 

ANCIENT NEW YEARS
The celebration of the new year is the oldest of all holidays. It was first observed in ancient Babylon about 4000 years ago. In the years around 2000 BC, the Babylonian New Year began with the first New Moon (actually the first visible cresent) after the Vernal Equinox (first day of spring). 

The beginning of spring is a logical time to start a new year. After all, it is the season of rebirth, of planting new crops, and of blossoming. January 1, on the other hand, has no astronomical nor agricultural significance. It is purely arbitrary. 

The Babylonian new year celebration lasted for eleven days. Each day had its own particular mode of celebration, but it is safe to say that modern New Year's Eve festivities pale in comparison. 

The Romans continued to observe the new year in late March, but their calendar was continually tampered with by various emperors so that the calendar soon became out of synchronization with the sun. 

In order to set the calendar right, the Roman senate, in 153 BC, declared January 1 to be the beginning of the new year. But tampering continued until Julius Caesar, in 46 BC, established what has come to be known as the Julian Calendar. It again established January 1 as the new year. But in order to synchronize the calendar with the sun, Caesar had to let the previous year drag on for 445 days. 

THE CHURCH'S VIEW OF NEW YEAR CELEBRATIONS
Although in the first centuries AD the Romans continued celebrating the new year, the early Catholic Church condemned the festivities as paganism. But as Christianity became more widespread, the early church began having its own religious observances concurrently with many of the pagan celebrations, and New Year's Day was no different. New Years is still observed as the Feast of Christ's Circumcision by some denominations. 

During the Middle Ages, the Church remained opposed to celebrating New Years. January 1 has been celebrated as a holiday by Western nations for only about the past 400 years. 

NEW YEAR TRADITIONS

Other traditions of the season include the making of New Year's resolutions. That tradition also dates back to the early Babylonians. Popular modern resolutions might include the promise to lose weight or quit smoking. The early Babylonian's most popular resolution was to return borrowed farm equipment. 

The Tournament of Roses Parade dates back to 1886. In that year, members of the Valley Hunt Club decorated their carriages with flowers. It celebrated the ripening of the orange crop in California. 

Although the Rose Bowl football game was first played as a part of the Tournament of Roses in 1902, it was replaced by Roman chariot races the following year. In 1916, the football game returned as the sports centerpiece of the festival. 

The tradition of using a baby to signify the new year was begun in Greece around 600 BC. It was their tradition at that time to celebrate their god of wine, Dionysus, by parading a baby in a basket, representing the annual rebirth of that god as the spirit of fertility. Early Egyptians also used a baby as a symbol of rebirth. 

Although the early Christians denounced the practice as pagan, the popularity of the baby as a symbol of rebirth forced the Church to reevaluate its position. The Church finally allowed its members to celebrate the new year with a baby, which was to symbolize the birth of the baby Jesus. 

The use of an image of a baby with a New Years banner as a symbolic representation of the new year was brought to early America by the Germans. They had used the effigy since the fourteenth century. 

FOR LUCK IN THE NEW YEAR

Traditionally, it was thought that one could affect the luck they would have throughout the coming year by what they did or ate on the first day of the year. For that reason, it has become common for folks to celebrate the first few minutes of a brand new year in the company of family and friends. Parties often last into the middle of the night after the ringing in of a new year. It was once believed that the first visitor on New Year's Day would bring either good luck or bad luck the rest of the year. It was particularly lucky if that visitor happened to be a tall dark-haired man.

Traditional New Year foods are also thought to bring luck. Many cultures believe that anything in the shape of a ring is good luck, because it symbolizes "coming full circle," completing a year's cycle. For that reason, the Dutch believe that eating donuts on New Year's Day will bring good fortune. 

Many parts of the U.S. celebrate the new year by consuming black-eyed peas. These legumes are typically accompanied by either hog jowls or ham. Black-eyed peas and other legumes have been considered good luck in many cultures. The hog, and thus its meat, is considered lucky because it symbolizes prosperity. Cabbage is another "good luck" vegetable that is consumed on New Year's Day by many. Cabbage leaves are also considered a sign of prosperity, being representative of paper currency. In some regions, rice is a lucky food that is eaten on New Year's Day. 

TOASTING
One of the most venerable New Years traditions is the champaign toast at midnight to ring in the new year. Toasting can be traced back to the ancient Romans and Greeks who would pour wine, to be shared among those attending a religious function, from a common pitcher. The host would drink first, to assure his guests that the wine was not poisoned. Poisoning the wine was a fairly common practice in ancient times, designed to do away with one's enemies. In those days the wine was not as refined as it is today so a square of burned bread (toast) would be floated in the wine bowl and then eaten by the last person to drink. The bread was put there to absorb the extra acidity of the wine in order to make it more palatable. Eventually, the act of drinking in unison came to be called a toast, from the act of "toasting" or putting toast into the wine. 

AULD LANG SYNE
The song, "Auld Lang Syne," playing in the background, is sung at the stroke of midnight in almost every English-speaking country in the world to bring in the new year. At least partially written by Robert Burns in the 1700's, it was first published in 1796 after Burns' death. Early variations of the song were sung prior to 1700 and inspired Burns to produce the modern rendition. An old Scottish tune, "Auld Lang Syne" literally means "old long ago," or simply, "the good old days." The lyrics can be found here. 

Copyright © 1997-2010, Jerry Wilson; Get Permission to Reprint this article.

New Year Preface

Dear Blogger, dear Friends, dear reader

It has been 3 years for the blog, I am pleased to express the warm wishes I have for each and everyone of you, at the dawn of the new year. In this period characterised by signs of changing world issues and where environmental education concerns are now better understood, I would hope that we all recognize the need to adopt a lifestyle looking to the future.

Together, we demonstrate our confidence in the future and feeling a real solidarity, both with our loved ones in our own world (bloogers), and beyond our borders with the disadvantaged.

I wish our young people every success, and through effort, training and work, they will find the place they aspire to occupy at the heart of society. To our seniors, to whom we owe much, I express my gratitude, especially for their gift of giving us generations to come. I also express to them the hope of health and serenity.

To all those who read my blog, all over the world, through their business, their action or work, have developed projects which contribute to the blog and social life, I hope that their efforts thrive in this achievement.

To each and everyone of you who live in all over thye world or who have made an impact abroad, I repeat: Very Happy New Year 2012.

May succes with you

Blogger: agoesl@w

Ethnic and Cultural Diversity in Indonesia (Part2)

Cultural Diversity in Indonesia

Among living creatures, only humans who produce culture. With reason it has, people form culture. This fits with the term culture itself. The term culture derived from the Sanskrit word, which is buddayah or buddhi, which means of reason. Culture means everything produced by the mind of the human mind itself.There are three forms of culture, the culture in the form of ideas, customs, and cultural objects.

1. Culture in the form of ideas, including science, indigenous customs, and regulations.
2. Culture in the form of habits, including how to find food (Livelihoods), social procedures, procedures for marriage, arts, and a wide variety of traditional ceremonies.
3. Culture in the form of objects are all objects that are created by humans, such as tools everyday purposes, houses, jewelry, treasures (weapons), vehicles, and others.

Humans create the culture to survive and meet the their needs. In addition, the culture was created to cultivate beneficial to the natural order of human life. Due to environmental conditions different nature, then there is cultural diversity.

Recognize cultural diversity in IndonesiaIndonesia is very broad region. Neighborhood residents Indonesia also vary. There are people living in coastal areas; there who live in the mountains, there lived in the area lowlands, and others. So do not be surprised if there was a wide cultural diversity in Indonesia. 

We take a sample form of the house. Neighborhood affects form of the house each tribe. Custom homes in Java and in Bali is usually built directly on the ground. While the houses Indigenous outside Java and Bali are built on pilings or called home the stage. Why built houses on stilts? The reason people make Other homes for meghindari panggungantara flooding and avoid animal predatory. Below the house is usually used to maintain livestock and storing goods.

Cultural diversity can be seen from a variety of forms custom home. Here are some examples of custom homes.1. Houses Bolon (North Sumatra).2. Tower House (Minangkabau, West Sumatra).3. Houses Joglo (Central Java, Yogyakarta and East Java).4. Houses Lamin (East Kalimantan).5. Home landscape (Central Kalimantan).6. Houses Tongkonan (South Sulawesi).7. Honai house (House of Dani tribe in Papua).Each tribe has customs. Customs that regulate life together. Customs reflected in traditional clothes, various ceremonies, such as funerals, marriages, births, and in association governance. Traditional clothing worn in traditional ceremonies. However, there are also traditional clothes are worn in everyday life. Here are examples of traditional dress in Indonesia.

Every tribe has traditional ceremonies in the events important life. Eg birth ceremonies, reception becomes members of the tribe, marriage, death, and others. Names and forms ceremonies marking life events were different in each the tribe. Some examples of rituals performed tribes in Indonesia, among others, as follows.1. Mitoni, tedhak siti, ruwatan, festivity, grebegan (Javanese).2. Seren epidemic (Sunda).3. Kasodo (Tengger).4. Nelubulanin, Ngaben (Bali).5. Signs gift (Toraja).Indonesia's cultural diversity is also apparent in the arts the area. There are a variety of local art forms. Here are some local art forms.1. Music and folk songs.2. Traditional regional dances.3. Traditional performing arts.4. Painting, carving, sculpture, and traditional wicker.Respect the culture in IndonesiaMany foreigners are so impressed by the results of culture of the tribes nation in Indonesia. The results of the amazing culture of the nation, between Other buildings such as the Borobudur temple art, art like gamelan music Java and Bali, the Kecak dance arts such as dance, sculpture like statues made the Asmat. Cultural diversity is the wealth of our nation. Culture regional culture is the main capital to develop national culture. The national culture is the tops regional cultures that exist in parts of Indonesia. Regional culture which can become a national culture must meet the requirements, such as:

1. showed characteristic or identity of the nation;
2. high quality so that it can be accepted by the entire nation of Indonesia; and
3. appropriate and proper appointed as national culture.

National culture should have the cultural elements that have recognition of all our nation, so it belongs to the nation. The national culture implemented at the national level activities, such as independence anniversary celebration August 17, commemoration days national, and activities of government or private offices.As citizens we should be proud of Indonesia in the presence cultural diversity. The various forms of cultural It is a priceless legacy. We must respect the cultural diversity. We also have to preserve and develop various forms of cultural heritage that exist today.

How to respect the cultural diversity that exist in Indonesia? Attitude of respect for cultural diversity can we show with these attitudes. 
1. Respect for other group that runs the habits and customs
2. No insulting other ethnic culture results. 
3. Want to watch the traditional performing arts. 
4. Willing to learn and develop various kinds of traditional arts such as dance, music, and performing arts. 
5. Proud of the results of culture in the country.

Ethnic and Cultural Diversity in Indonesia (Part1)

Indonesia is a pluralistic nation as composed of various tribes, customs, language regions, as well as different religious groups. Diversity found in different areas of Sabang to Merauke. Every ethnic group in Indonesia has a habit of life that is different. Living habits and culture that became characteristic of certain ethnic groups. For the sake of unity, we should realize and appreciate the diversity of the nation so it can be a tough one

A. Etnic Diversity In Indonesia 

Distribution of ethnic groups in IndonesiaEthnic groups are part of a nation. Ethnic groups have certain fundamental characteristics. The characteristics that are usually associated with origins and culture. There are several characteristics that can be used to recognize a tribe, namely: physical characteristics, language, customs, and The same art. Examples of physical characteristics, such as skin color, hair, face, and physique. The characteristics which distinguishes a tribe with other tribes.

Ethnic group is a collection of relatives (family) wide. They believe that they originated from the same ancestry. They also feel as a group. In everyday life they have own language and customs are derived from ancestors them. From which the ancestors of bang-sa Indonesia come from? There is a theory that states of Indonesia's population came from mainland South China, Province Yunnan now. There is also a theory of "Archipelago." Let's discuss the second this theory.

According to the first theory of Yunnan Ethnic groups came to Indonesia in wavy. There are two important waves.The first wave occurred about 3000 years ago. They who moved in pe periods of this came to be known as the clump Proto Malay nation. Proto Malay Malay also called Polynesia. Proto Malay nation scattered clumps of Madagascar to the Pacific The east. They live in coastal areas. Included in the nation Parents are ethnic Malays in Sumatra Batak, Dayak inBorneo, and Toraja in Sulawesi.

The second wave occurred about 2000 years ago, called Deutero Malay. They are called the Young Malay population. They urged Old Malay Archipelago inland. Including the Young Malay are ethnic Javanese, Minang-Kabau, Bali, Makassar, Buginese, and Sunda. According to the theory of the "archipelago" of Indonesia's population does not come from outside. This theory is supported by many experts, such as J. Crawfurd, K. Himly, Sutan Fate Alisjahbana, and Gorys Keraf. According to experts this population of Indonesia (The Malays) already has a high civilization on the bada-19 BCE. This stage can only be achieved only after the development of cultural the old. This shows the population of Indonesia is not derived from everywhere, but it originated and evolved in the archipelago. Although there is a theory which states that Indonesia has common ancestor, in fact there are diverse ethnicities peoples who inhabited the region known for certain Indonesia.Tidak how many ethnic groups in Indonesia. It is estimated there are 300 to 500 tribes who lived in Indonesia. The difference is because the number of different experts in ethnic grouping. So what causes the diversity of ethnicities in Indonesia? The diversity of ethnic groups in Indonesia, among others, caused by:

1. racial origin,
2. differences in the geographical environment,
3. differences in historical background,
4. regional development,
5. differences of religion or belief, and
6. adaptability or adjust.

From the above factors, geographical and environmental factors ability adaptation or adjust very influential. Environmental factors cause geographic diversity among other tribes as follows.

1.Our country-shaped islands.  

Residents who live on an island separately with the residents who live in other islands. Residents of each develop the habits and customs of the island itself. Within the long enough to develop into different cultures.

2.The difference form of the earth, such as coastal areas, lowlands, and mountains.  

Population to adapt to the geographical conditions its natural. Adaptation that can be realized in the form of changes in changes in behavior or physical characteristics. Residents who live in the area mountains for example, will communicate with a loud voice so that neighbors can be heard. Residents who live in the area beach or in the water area will develop the skills to catch fish, and so on. Changes in natural conditions and processes adaptation is what causes the diversity of spare nation in Indonesia.

The size of the existing tribes in Indonesia is uneven. Tribe the nation's large enough number of members, among other ethnic groups Javanese, Sundanese, Madurese, Malay, Bugis, Makassar, Minangkabau, Bali, and Batak. Usually a tribe living in a particular area within a provinces in our country. But not always. Javanese, Batak, Bugis, and people Minang for example, many of which wanderto other areas.

Respecting the diversity of ethnic groupsOur nation made up of various tribes. This ethnic diversity is the wealth of our nation. We must develop an attitude of respect for other ethnic groups and different culture with our culture. How can we be honoring the diversity of ethnic groups that exist in the ground water? We can develop these attitudes.1. Receiving other tribes in daily life. In relationships in society, we not only meet people one tribe the nation. Especially if you live in the city. People from other tribes we must accept. They are our brothers of the nation.

2. Adds to our knowledge of other tribes. Studying the tribal Other nations do not have to come to the area where they live. We can learn about the customs, arts, and their language. By knowing more in other tribes, we will understand custom. Thus we will not easily suspect.

3. No bad-mouthing, insulting, and degrading tribes other. We, human beings created by God with dignity the same. Therefore, we should not insult the tribe other nations. Why do we have to respect the diversity of ethnic groups? Diversity ethnicity is a reality of our nation. This is the wealth of nations we. If we do not respect their own ethnic group, we will not be become a strong nation. We must not only boast of interest our own people and degrading other tribes. If we do not respect for ethnic diversity, peace will not be created in life together. The absence of mutual respect for tribal peoples will lead to conflict. Examples are many. Among others, the conflict in Poso, conflict in Sambas, and the conflict in Maluku. With the existence of conflicts that national unity be tarnished. In the event of a dispute tribal nation, our nation will be weak. Therefore, it is We should develop mutual respect between the tribes the nation.

Situation In Papua Part 2

Jayapura, Kompass - political and security situation in Papua to heat up. After the shootings and mass action in the PT Freeport Indonesia and the dissolution of the Papuan People's Congress III, Monday (24/10), city police chief Adjunct Senior Commissioner Noble Dominggus Awes Otto was attacked and shot dead.It happened in the airport area Majesty, Puncak Jaya regency, around 11:30. Dominggus dead with two gunshot wounds. "The shot of the nose and penetrate to the back of the head," said Chief of Police Public Relations Division Inspector General Anton Bachrul Alam on Monday.

According to the Head of Public Relations Wachyono Papua Police Commissioner, was Dominggus it was monitoring the activities at the airport Honor. At that time Dominggus not accompanied by colleagues or subordinates. Dominggus position in front of an aircraft operator's flight pioneers Mission Aviation Fellowship (MAF) is parked across the street from the airport.

Suddenly he was approached by two men who direct mengeroyoknya. Dominggus fell on his back, and then seized his gun offender. A pengeroyok aimed the gun to the head and then fired Dominggus twice. The two actors then fled to the hills on the north side of the runway.Dominggus was rushed to General Hospital Puncak Jaya regency, but his life did not help. Police are still pursuing the perpetrators. The body was flown to Dominggus planned Sentani, Jayapura regency, on Tuesday morning.

The two perpetrators of the shooting, according to Anton Bachrul Alam, allegedly a member of the separatist group. Police officers working with military forces to hunt down the perpetrators of the forest. "Police have asked for military assistance to pursue them," said Anton. Both players are now the target of the operation. Police are also still explore the case by asking witnesses who saw the shooting.

The shooting was recalled a similar case that occurred in the latter half of June. At that time, five unidentified gang Brigadier One M Yazin, members of the Police Oversight Crossing Air Port and Airport Honor. Yazin M's gun taken away. One of the harpy fired it toward the M Yazin. Though mortally wounded, M Yazin can be saved.

Earlier, last May, members of the Special Forces Command, Sergeant Kaman Nurjaman, shot someone when passing in front of the Market District of Ilu, Puncak Jaya. Situation in Papua lately got hotter. Conflict, riots, armed clashes between security forces and armed groups, acts of assault, and a number of shootings are common. In fact, in one recent month, the increasing escalation of violence.

On 10 October clashes between police and workers in the area of ​​PT Freeport Indonesia (PT FI) which killed one person, three cars on fire, and several people were injured. Four days later, 14 October, the shootings occurred at the PT FI at 37-40 Mile (Kilometer 59.2 to 64), which killed three people.On 19 October, around 200 participants Papuan People's Congress III was arrested. Congress which has lasted three days Soccer Field Zacchaeus, Abepura, it also disbanded because it is considered treason.Indication of treason, said Police Chief Adjunct Senior Commissioner Jayapura Imam Setiawan then, the declaration of the State Federation of West Papua and its structure. Two days later, last Friday, three people were shot dead in Timika, Mimika regency, by a group of unknown persons at the location of gold panning.Commission I GoYesterday, residents and employees of PT FI who live in the area of ​​Tembagapura, Kuala Kencana, and Timika, Commission I went. "Now this is very necessary return on security conditions," said Linda Siregar, deputy resident. During the meeting, Linda said conditions Tembagapura and Timika since 2009 that has always haunted by a sense of anxiety because of threats of violence, even murder. Workers of PT FI even required to wear flak jackets and hats.

Residents also demanded disclosure of the homicides that have occurred since 2009. "My husband was killed in inhumane ways, but it's been two years of her killer has not been revealed as well," said Linda.Agus Maufu, representatives of residents, also complain about how slow the security forces in investigating murder cases in Papua.

Therefore, residents asked the House to help restore the security situation in Papua. The reason, residents also want to return to live quiet and free from the threat of assassination.Vice Chairman of Commission I Gumiwang Agus said the Commission I would call the Coordinating Minister for Political, Legal and Security Djoko Suyanto to ask for an explanation.

Member of Commission I of the Democratic Party, Roy Suryo, also urged the police to investigate cases of shootings, including the shooting last Friday, which also killed his uncle Roy Suryo, Aloysius Margana.Should cases of the shooting, said a member of Commission I of the National Awakening Party, Wahid Lily, can be uncovered quickly. Lily guessed, there is something deliberately hidden so that the handling of the shooting was never properly resolved.

Separately, members of the Assessment Team Papuan Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Adriana Elisabeth, said the escalation of violence in recent days generally indicates a cycle of violence in Papua has not been disconnected.Elisabeth who became one of the authors books Papua Road Map says, "There must be a new strategy break the violence. No longer with the approach so far, such as the placement of excessive force. "(JOS / BIL / NTA / FER)

Source: http://nasional.kompas.com/read/2011/10/25/0533160/Situasi.di.Papua.Memanas

My Newborn Baby........

Sunday, November, Sixth 2011, (early morning, 5.15.A.M) Nothing can descriped, my feeling about that night. The night that make me nervous, scared, and also very happy. because that night i know a new lives will be born to the world, a new life to concern, a new notes will be written, and a new hope will be build.

Sunday, November, Sixth 2011, (morning, 10.14.A.M) My first son finnaly born to this world, after a long struggling to birth to this world. after 9 months 10 days my waiting has been end, my happiness will be added to my life, and a new hope will be coming, it's all because of my new son.

To my Son.........i am very proud of you and to my beloving wife thanks for caring and gives me a wonderful Gift, the child who will  bring a new  hope.

Welcome to The World.........................my son................

Latest Situation in Papua

Inequality in Papua 
Wednesday, October 12, 2011 | 12:58

Papua's stained again with blood. This time in Gorong-gorong's Terminal, Timika, Papua. One person was confirmed dead and dozens others were injured in clashes between security forces and protesters which consists of Freeport workers and local communities.

Until now holds the potential fixed Papua konfilk that could explode at any time, as happened in the sewers and all that caused the various imbalances that occur there.

Information from Papua Police said protesters were disappointed because they can not meet directly with leaders of Freeport to convey the aspirations of a sudden burning vehicles owned by mining companies from the United States. Uncontrollable circumstances cause the officer to take action and ultimately a clash. The protesters really want to convey dissatisfaction related welfare received.

We see at least three gaps that occur on earth Paradise. First, the imbalance that occurs within multinational corporations companies, such as in Freeport. It is not possible a similar imbalance also occurs in other international companies operating in Papua. Imbalances in the company and facilities normally associated wages received. Workers foreigners typically receive wages far more than local workers, despite being in the same position. Moreover, companies like Freeport that are foreign owned.

Related to that, we just remind that every worker must be paid at least equal to the provincial minimum wage (UMP). Department of Labor should help resolve the question of local well-being of workers because of cases like this have repeatedly occurred.

When the amount of UMP have been fulfilled, even far above the UMP, but still appear discontent, police officers should cooperate with local traditional leaders and academics to investigate the root of the problem that triggered riots in Terminal Culverts are not only involves workers, but also the surrounding community.

Demonstration of protracted labor will certainly disrupt the company and production targets. This issue must be resolved so that Freeport can still operate as usual and people returned to their daily activities. If not resolved soon, we fear the seeds of separatism in Papua, which until now has not been completely eradicated it grow by leveraging the company's internal conflicts for the sake of the struggle of a handful of people of Papua. They could have been "playing" with discrediting the security forces, the Government of Indonesia, and Freeport, to spark the antipathy of the people of Papua. When that happens, the apparatus need not hesitate to take stern action against anyone who attempt to revive separatism in Papua.

Second, the inequality between the people and local elites. We believe the people who joined the workers rallied during this time yet to enjoy the fruits of a special autonomy was implemented since 2001. Since the special autonomy goes, funding from central government through the general allocation fund (DAU), a special allocation fund (DAK), the special autonomy funds, as well as additional funding of infrastructure, continued to increase. Total special autonomy funds have been disbursed since 2002 to 2011 reached Rp 32 trillion.

Unfortunately, most of the funds actually enjoyed by government officials and local elites. They can live in luxury, on the contrary the people remain miserable. Local government officials are even more often located in Jakarta, rather than serve the people. Not surprisingly, education and health services, and infrastructure development there are still far from satisfactory.

Third, the discrepancy between Papua and other provinces in Indonesia. In terms of natural resources, Papua is certainly much richer than the provinces in Java, but the percentage of poor people of Papua are so much more. In 2009, the poor in Papua reached 37.53 percent and 35.71 percent of West Papua, while the national average of 14.15 percent. In 2010, the poor in Papua reached 36.80 percent and 34.88 percent of West Papua, while the national average of 13.32 percent.

In education, the participation rate of school children aged 7 years to 18 years in Papua, only 65.76 percent, while the national rate reached 79.53 percent. Likewise, the health care field that is still minimal, among others, reflected in infant mortality in Papua, which reached 30.84 percent and 31.76 percent of West Papua, whereas at the national level was recorded 26.89 per cent.

All it proves is still relatively lagging behind compared Papua other provinces in Indonesia. To that end, the central government should give more attention to development in Papua. The policy of special autonomy should be maintained to accelerate development in Papua, but must be accompanied by strict supervision so that the funds disbursed are used for real people, not for the officials and the local political elite.

Source : Suara Pembaruan (October,12 2011)