THANKSGIVING IN KANADA

Celebration in Canada

Thanksgiving is celebrated on the second Monday in October. In the United States, the same day is celebrated as Columbus Day and is an official holiday. The origin of Thanksgiving in Canada is different from in America. Canadians celebrate Thanksgiving as a sign of gratitude for the success of the harvest.

Thanksgiving is a celebration for 3 days on weekends. In some provinces, celebrations are even up to four days, from Friday to Monday. Thanksgiving is only celebrated with families in the English-speaking province of Canada, and is not so celebrated by Canadian citizens of French descent. The day of enjoying Thanksgiving is usually not specified, it can be eaten on Thursday, Friday or Sunday as long as it's still on Thanksgiving weekend. The Thanksgiving meal for Canadians can take place many times. Today with relatives from the husband's side, the next day can be with other relatives. Although hereditary Thanksgiving is celebrated with the family, a Thanksgiving weekend holiday is often used by young couples to take a walk enjoying the views of autumn leaves.

In Canada, Santa does not march on Thanksgiving. The only biggest Thanksgiving parade in Canada was the Oktoberfest parade in Kitchener-Waterloo.

History of Thanksgiving in Canada

The history of Thanksgiving in Canada began British explorer Martin Frobisher who tried to find a way north to Asia from the American continent. He did not succeed in finding the Bering Strait, but managed to establish a settlement in Canada. In 1578, Martin Frobisher held a memorial service in what is now called the province of Newfoundland and Labrador. That means thank you for surviving a long journey. The commemorative ceremony led by Martin Frobisher is the first Canadian Thanksgiving, as well as the first Thanksgiving celebration in North America. Many other settlers came to Canada then continued this tradition. Martin Frobisher later received the title of warrior from the United Kingdom and his name was enshrined for a bay in northern Canada called the Frobisher Bay.

At the same time, French settlers who managed to cross the ocean under the explorer leader Samuel de Champlain also held a large party to give thanks. They even formed a social gathering called Ordre de bon temps to increase the spirit and improvement of nutrition of French settlers, while sharing with neighbors who were native to Canada.

After the Seven Years' War ended in 1763 with New France falling into British hands, residents of Halifax celebrated Thanksgiving in a special way.

After the end of the American revolution, American refugees who were loyal supporters of the Kingdom of Great Britain flowed into Canada. The refugees brought along the American Thanksgiving traditions and habits to Canada, although Thanksgiving celebrations in Canada will continue to be related to worship and the traditions of the main European and British harvest festivals. The church is decorated with cornucopia (funnel-shaped ornaments containing vegetables and fruits), pumpkins, corn, wheat bonds, and various other crops.

In the end, in 1879, the Canadian Parliament established November 6 as Thanksgiving and an official holiday in Canada. After that, Thanksgiving celebrations often change, but often on the third Monday in October. After World War I, Armistice Day and Thanksgiving were both celebrated on Monday around November 11. Ten years later in 1931, the two celebrations were separated and Armistice Day was called Remembrance Day.

On January 31, 1957, the Canadian Parliament established:

"General Thanksgiving for the Almighty God who blesses Canada with abundant harvests ... will be commemorated on the second Monday of October."

Canada's first Thanksgiving Day after the Confederate deed was held on a holiday on April 5, 1872 to celebrate the healing of Prince Wales (later King Edward VII of the United Kingdom) of being seriously ill. Since 1879, Thanksgiving has always been celebrated every year, but the date has only been set for that year and is always changing.

HISTORY OF THANKSGIVING IN UNITED STATED

Pilgrims

The tradition of celebrating Thanksgiving by eating together began in America in 1621. Pilgrims living in Plymouth, Massachusetts held a dinner party with Native Americans of the Wampanoag tribe. The tradition of Thanksgiving dinner continues until now and is called "Thanksgiving dinner" with a main menu in the form of turkey. Part of the story of the origin of Thanksgiving in America is a myth that developed around the 1890s and early 1900s. Thanksgiving was intended as part of an effort to create national identity after the Civil War, and part of the awareness of the melting pot for new immigrants.

In 1621, the pilgrims set a day to celebrate celebrating the colony's first crop in Plymouth, New England. At that time, the party was held not to celebrate Thanksgiving, but rather a harvest party which was a tradition of the British and Indians of the Wampanoag tribe. Some colony officials wrote personal notes about the party in 1621 in Massachusetts.

The following notes are quoted from the book Of Plymouth Plantation written by Pilgrim leader William Bradford:

"They are now starting to collect small crops produced, and prepare homes and dwellings to face the winter, all of which are blessed with health and strength and all supplies are abundant. While some people work outside the home, some go fishing, cod, sea bass and other fish, all of which are stored and owned by every family in sufficient quantities. During the summer poultry is not needed, and now has a supply of poultry. Winter is approaching, this place is still abundant when they first arrive (but after it decreases little by little.) In addition to waterfowl, there are many supplies of wild turkeys, which many take by them, in addition to venison, etc. In addition, they have had to measure food rations a week for everyone, or now from harvest, corn Indians according to the same dosage, which made many people afterwards write happily about the abundant harvests of kep there are their friends in England, who are not made up, all are true reports. "

Writing by Mayflower leader Pilgrim Edward Winslow in the book Mourt's Relations:

"Our harvest has been brought in, our governor sent four people to hunt poultry, so we can celebrate together on special occasions after finishing collecting the results of hard work. The four of them in one day got the same number of poultry, with a group of people for a week, that with a little help. At that time, among other free time fillers, when we held celebrations, many Indians came to our place, and among them the greatest king Massasoit, along with ninety people, whom we entertained and feasted on eating for three days, and they went hunting and got five deer, which we brought to the plantation and offered to our governors, captains and others. And even though we didn't always have abundance as before at the same time, we were always above what we wanted, all of them thanks to God's goodness, we also want you to enjoy the abundance we have. "

Winslow's record of ninety Indians was very interesting. The number of indigenous people present exceeded 50 British people who survived at that time. The previous two sentences only recorded the incident at that time, but historians assume the two groups (British and Native Americans) held a celebration that was not yet common.

Pilgrims did not hold Thanksgiving as it is known now until 1623, after experiencing drought, prayer asked for rain, and rain succeeded in falling later. Thanksgiving celebrations are carried out irregularly and are only done if there is a pleasant event, or after food shortages due to unpleasant events. In the tradition of pilgrims in Plymouth, Thanksgiving is more of a church celebration and not a feast.

The Thanksgiving party held after the harvest gradually developed in the middle of the 17th century. But the day of organizing Thanksgiving was not yet in unison, each colony had its own Thanksgiving day.

The Massachusetts Bay colony celebrated its first Thanksgiving in 1630. Since then Thanksgiving has been held regularly, until finally around 1680 it was designated as an annual festival in the Massachusetts Bay colony. The Connecticut colony began Thanksgiving since 1639, held it every year until 1647, with the exception of 1675. The Dutch in New Netherland set a special day to celebrate Thanksgiving in 1644, and after that it was sometimes re-established.

American Revolutionary War until the formation of the state
During the American Revolutionary War, the Continental Congress set a date for Thanksgiving which could be one or more days, with the exception of 1777. Each time the Thanksgiving date was set, the Continental Congress encouraged the leaders of each state to take Thanksgiving on a specified date.

George Washington, revolutionary forces leader in the American Revolutionary War announced Thanksgiving in December 1777 as a celebration of victory after defeating British forces in the Battle of Saratoga. Every year, the Continental Congress from 1777 to 1783 establishes Thanksgiving in December, with the exception of 1782.

In 1789 and 1795, George Washington once again announced Thanksgiving, but this time in his capacity as president.

The determination of Thanksgiving by President George Washington in 1789 was thanks to the recommendation of a resolution established by the House of Representatives and the Senate. Thanksgiving was set nationally on November 26, 1789. The reason for holding Thanksgiving was "to encourage the people of the United States, a day to pray and give thanks to the public, to be commemorated with a thank you statement from the bottom of your heart for thanksgiving and signs of God's goodness Almighty, especially that has given the people the opportunity to establish a form of government peacefully, for the safety and happiness of the people ... "(signed) G. Washington, The Massachusetts Sentinel, Wednesday, October 14, 1789.

President John Adams declared Thanksgiving in 1798 and 1799. President Madison, set a day for Thanksgiving at the end of the nearly 1812 war in response to the resolution of Congress. In addition, President Madison had set a Thanksgiving holiday twice in 1815, but both were not celebrated in the fall.

Since 1817, every year the Governor of New York has set a Thanksgiving day. In some Southern countries, Thanksgiving has been opposed on the grounds that it only retains the remnants of puritan culture. But in 1858, the governors of 25 states and 2 territories had established Thanksgiving together.

In the midst of the United States Civil War, President Abraham Lincoln set a national Thanksgiving day to be celebrated on the last Thursday in November 1863. The determination of Thanksgiving was a reaction to a series of editorials written by Sarah Joseph Hale. Since 1863, Thanksgiving is officially celebrated every year in the United States.

President Roosevelt's period until now
In 1939, President Franklin D. Roosevelt established Thanksgiving on the third Thursday in November and no longer on the fourth Thursday. This announcement was made when the American economy was still in the midst of the Great Depression. President Roosevelt intended to give traders a longer chance to sell as many items as possible before Christmas arrived. Increased merchant income and increased public expenditure are expected to help the country from the economic downturn. At that time, sales of goods for Christmas were still not worthy of being advertised until Thanksgiving finished. The Roosevelt Declaration of Thanksgiving was only followed by 23 states, while 22 states did not heed it. States such as Texas decide nothing and consider the third and fourth Thursday of the week as government holidays. In 1940, President Roosevelt insisted on celebrating Thanksgiving a week earlier (the third Thursday of the week) known as Franksgiving. In 1941, the United States Congress appeared as a mediator and set Thanksgiving on the fourth Thursday in November, which sometimes falls on the last Thursday of the week, and sometimes falls on Thursday before the last Thursday of the week. President Roosevelt set this bill into law on November 26, 1941.

Since 1947, each year the National Turkey Federation has a tradition of giving gifts of 2 turkeys that have been cleaned and ready to be cooked and one turkey is alive to the President of the United States. A living turkey is forgiven for his life and lives peacefully as a pet on a farm. This tradition dates back to the time of President Harry Truman in 1947, but there is no evidence in this Truman Library library. Another opinion said that the tradition of forgiving turkeys began with President Abraham Lincoln who promised not to cut off his son's pet turkey. Both versions of the story were often quoted in a presidential speech.

Lately, the number of turkeys that have been forgiven has been two. In case one turkey is unable to receive clemency from the President. Since 2003, the public has been invited to participate in the contest giving the name turkey. In 2005, the names chosen were Marshmallow and Yam (who now lives in Disneyland). Biscuit and Gravy were chosen as the names of two turkeys in 2004. In 2003, both were named Stars and Stripes.

Since 1970, a group of people with a core of Indian tribes held a controversial memorial to the National Day of Mourning in protest at Thanksgiving at Plymouth Rock, Plymouth, Massachusetts.

THANKSGIVING DAY

Thanksgiving Day

Thanksgiving Day is a holiday in North America to thank and feel grateful at the end of the harvest season. Thanksgiving is an official holiday in the United States that falls on the fourth Thursday in November. In Canada, Thanksgiving falls on the second Monday in October.

First Thanksgiving

The first Thanksgiving Day was held in 1619 at the British Colony, now called Berkeley Plantation in Virginia, and in Plymouth, Massachusetts in 1621.

Long weekend

In the United States, Thanksgiving holidays that always fall on Thursday are the first day of a 4-day long weekend. For some employees (78% in 2007), Thanksgiving and the following Friday are paid salaries. Apart from that, employees with a leave system that can be taken at any time can request leave on the day after Thanksgiving. 

The day after Thanksgiving is Friday, called Black Friday, which marks the start of the Christmas shopping season. Most stores have been open since early morning (usually since 5:00 a.m.), and sell goods with a loss / warehouse sale system so that buyers want to come. It is called Black Friday because on that day their bookkeeping balance usually changes from red (loss) to black (profit). Large stores such as electronics, supermall, and the like are usually full of people waiting in line to buy goods from Thursday afternoon. Some electronic stores have formed a queue of 100-200 people to buy goods on sale. Shops are usually open on Fridays at 5am, but the queues have sometimes begun since Thursday at 5pm. Supermal sometimes opens at 12 midnight and shops in it sell sale items. On this special day it is not uncommon for supermal visitors at midnight to become hundreds or even thousands of people.

Transportation

Thanksgiving in North America is also an opportunity to gather with family and relatives. Wednesday before Thanksgiving and Sunday, the last day of the Thanksgiving holiday, are the busiest days for air transportation, trains, intercity buses and highways.

Celebration tradition

Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade

In the United States there is a tradition of enjoying Thanksgiving dinner with family, friends and relatives. Turkey is the main dish, so Thanksgiving is also known as "Turkey Day". Turkeys are usually eaten with cranberry sauce and other dishes such as potato puree, boiled corn, pumpkin pie (the rest of Halloween), and various other autumn vegetables. When enjoying Thanksgiving food, people usually tell each other about the good things they have experienced.

Thanksgiving holidays began as a United States national holiday to thank and praise God. The legacy of religious values ​​continues in the form of tradition to say a prayer before enjoying Thanksgiving.

Thanksgiving celebration (Thursday) is a celebration that is not very commercial. Even though there are Thanksgiving greeting cards for sale in stores, not many people like to buy them. In addition to food and drinks to be enjoyed together, people also usually do not expect to be given gifts, and indeed there is no tradition of exchanging gifts. Children's decorations are usually used as Thanksgiving decorations at home. But today Friday after Thanksgiving is a sign of the start of the shopping season that ends until the New Year where people start shopping on a large scale

In New York City, Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade is held once a year every Thanksgiving in downtown Manhattan. The parade features vehicles decorated with interesting themes, decorated vehicles featuring television celebrities, scenes from Broadway musicals, big balloon-shaped cartoon characters, and public high school marching bands. The parade usually ends with an ornate vehicle boarded by Santa. That is to remind people that the Christmas shopping season has arrived.

Thanksgiving parade was also held in many other cities, like in Plymouth, Houston, Philadelphia (reputedly the oldest Thanksgiving parade), and Detroit which is the biggest parade of the year. In the New York metropolitan area, Stamford, Connecticut organizes Macy's march rivals using different large balloon characters.

Christmas shopping season according to the tradition of the United States begins the day after Thanksgiving. The shopping tradition the day after Thanksgiving has been started since the 1930s. Crowded Americans are looking for bargain items at discounted prices for the Christmas season. For shopping centers in America, the day after Thanksgiving is

Typical Kalimantan Musical Instruments

Changes in time from time to time cannot be denied indeed increasingly advanced and developing. The digital age "forces" us to glance at sophisticated gadgets and tools (tools) because it offers practicality in productivity with any purpose because it's easy, including musical instruments. Actually there is nothing wrong with all of that, but it would be nice if a traditional musical instrument that Indonesia has not to lose is consumed by the current era but must be preserved. Like this typical Kalimantan musical instrument, what is important to be known and also learned by the young generation of the nation. Do not just stay by name or even disappear altogether because it is only a legacy of "inheritance" without anyone learning or playing it again.

Typical Kalimantan musical instruments certainly become one of our pride of the Indonesian people, because it is part of history as well as the heritage of the ancestors. If we don't want our country's traditional tools to be taken by other countries, we must always look after them. Besides that, the form of our love for the motherland is one of them by knowing, keeping also learning everything that exists. Traditional musical instruments are even more beautiful when compared to modern / digital musical instruments. Moreover, we can combine with sounds produced by modern instruments. Surely the results will be much more beautiful, because it is a blend of harmonization of modern and traditional music.

Typical Kalimantan Musical Instruments

Here are 5 typical Kalimantan musical instruments that can be used as innovations to be combined with modern musical instruments that you can.

1. Kintung

This Kintung musical instrument is from South Kalimantan. The shape is almost similar to angklung and how to ring it by being hit. To adjust the sound of this kintung depends on the sharpness of each kintung. The higher the sharpener is made, the higher the sound of this instrument. But the handle for the handle becomes shorter. The handle usually uses two sections as a benchmark. The segment in the middle inside the two segments is cleaned and discarded to produce a beautiful sound. If we are creative, maybe we can try it at home.

2. Bumbung

This typical Kalimantan musical instrument is still based on the same material, bamboo. This type of musical instrument is often found in the Berikin village precisely in the Hulu Sungai Tengah Regency. The starch is glutinous rice that has been burned and is in the bamboo. That was the beginning of the process of naming a musical instrument in a bumbung. To produce sound, it uses two bamboo segments. This type of musical instrument can be changed so that it can produce 7 basic notes from a song.

3. Kalampat

Kalampat looks very similar to a drum. The way to play it is the same way by being hit, but the kalampat is hit with a bamboo stick. Material for making it uses large bamboo. It is used for a drum body that requires a diameter that must be large. Kalampat is usually played during bawanang, babalian ceremonies and medical ceremonies which contain mystical elements. It is only played to accompany certain events.

4. Panting

Typical Kalimantan musical instruments that are played by picking. The shape of a kind of Arabic gambus is important, but the size is smaller. Panting comes from the Banjar community, namely the people in South Kalimantan. This type of musical instrument is now very rarely found, the group that usually carries is already rare. A. Sarbaini is a person who is so famous as a great player.

5. Sampek / Sape '

Well, here it is a musical instrument that I refer to as one of the most popular musical instruments in Kalimantan. This one musical instrument is from East Kalimantan Province (sorry if wrong). How to play it is almost the same as painting, that is by picking. The material for making sampek is wood. Kalimantan produces a lot of good wood, so it's not surprising that the sapek produced will be good too. For sampek material, many use adau wood, marang wood, meranti wood and pelantan wood or the like.

Many of these musical instruments are owned by Kalimantan. What are you curious about? Or want to make it yourself? Whatever it is if our goal is to preserve traditional tools, I think that is more than enough as proof of our service and offerings for the homeland of Indonesia.

Ministry of Education and Culture Establishes Post-Earthquake Emergency Class in Lombok

Educational News From Lombok After The Earthquake

The Ministry of Education and Culture (Kemendikbud) lowered the team to check the condition of schools affected by a 6.4 on the Richter scale earthquake (SR) on the island of Lombok on Sunday morning (07/29/2018). Through the Education Quality Assurance Institute (LPMP) and the Center for Early Childhood Education (PAUD and Dikmas) for the Province of West Nusa Tenggara (NTB), the team continues to ensure that learning can take place using emergency facilities. 1. Emergency classrooms "We prepare tents to become classrooms and school supplies so that learning can run. And for damaged schools, rehabilitation or revitalization will be carried out immediately by building a new school building," Minister of Education and Culture (Mendikbud) Muhadjir Effendy said. in Sumbawa Besar, NTB, Monday (07/30/2018). Reporting from the Ministry of Education and Culture's website, Muhadjir added, do not let the damage disrupt the learning process of students. For this reason the Minister of Education and Culture invited educational units to be able to carry out the solidarity movement to ease the burden on the victims.

From the LPMP team's report, schools affected by the earthquake as of 30 July 2018 were found in Belanting and Obel-obel villages, Sambelia District, East Lombok. Roof of Public Elementary School (SDN) 1 Obel-obel was badly damaged. While most of the classrooms of SDN 3 Obel-obel collapsed. 2. There were no victims from SDN 5 Blanting students after being damaged in the form of roofs and walls collapsing. Sambelia 2 Junior High School (SMPN) 2, was damaged in the form of a collapsed roof, then a part of the fence and wall collapsed. Meanwhile, it was also reported by the NTB provincial team, the condition of the Giat Dusun Medas school, Baitussahid, Al Islah, Obel-obel village, which suffered moderate damage with cracked walls and collapsed roofs. Until now there have been no reported casualties or injuries from education actors in the earthquake affected area. "We get temporary information from LPMP and BP PAUD Dikmas NTB province. Later we will convey the progress of handling," said Director General of Primary and Secondary Education (Dirjen Dikdasmen) Hamid Muhammad. Currently the Kemendikbud team, from LPMP and BP PAUD Dikmas, and the PKLK Directorate (Special Education and Special Services) are working with the local education office to ensure that post-earthquake handling can work well, he added.

Translated from Original Article

This article has been published on Kompas.com under the title "Ministry of Education and Culture Establishes Post-Earthquake Emergency Class in Lombok", https://lifestyle.kompas.com/read/2018/07/30/14511541/kemendikbud-dirikan-kelas-darurat-pascagempa-lombok .

Author: Yohanes Enggar Harususilo

A Brief History of the Indonesian Nation Before Until Independence

As a good Indonesian citizen, it is fitting to know Indonesia's brief history. Based on existing history, Indonesia is a region inhabited by various types of ancient humans. Some ancient humans known to exist in Indonesia are Homo floresiensis and Pithecanthropus erectus. After the prehistoric period, the history of Indonesia can be seen from the records from China which contain information that the most powerful maritime kingdom in the past was the Kingdom of Srivijaya.

The kingdom that became the center in studying Buddhism has power in the Malacca Strait to the Sumatran sea since the 7th to 13th centuries. The Syailendra Dynasty from the Mataram Kingdom is known to have built Borobudur Temple located in Central Java. Borobudur Temple is known for its Buddhist architecture. Then followed by the construction of the Prambanan Temple by Raja Rakai Pikatan who was a descendant of Sanjaya. The Prambanan Temple was built in Hindu style.

Brief History of Indonesia to Freedom:

The next brief history of Indonesia was during the Majapahit Kingdom which succeeded in mastering the archipelago in 1294. Then, the religion of Islam began to enter and develop through trade activities. Until now, Islam is the religion of the majority of Indonesian people. Until now, Islam, Hinduism and Buddhism developed in the homeland and influenced society in terms of culture and way of life. History continued when Marco Polo, a European national, first set foot on Sumatra.

The Spaniards and Portuguese were known to have mastered the islands known to have a great deal of spice. In 1596 the first time a Dutch ship docked in the sea of ​​West Java and began to stick its hagemonies. For more than 3 centuries, the Dutch colonized islands in the homeland until finally a government called the Dutch East Indies stood. Since then, there has been a rebellion by the Indonesian people to fight the invaders.

A brief history of the founding of the Indonesian nation also noted that Japan had invaded the Indonesian archipelago. After the "Great East Asia War", where the United States declared it would fight Japan on December 8, 1941 at the United States Defense Center named "Pearl Harbor". Furthermore, the Dutch East Indies government also joined the allies to declare war with the Japanese State. At first, Japan came to Indonesia to paralyze Dutch troops. Then Japan controlled various regions in Indonesia. Japan's territory became increasingly fierce when they succeeded in conquering Batavia (now Jakarta) on March 5, 1942. The Dutch, who were increasingly pressured by the Japanese attack, finally "surrendered unconditionally". Initially, Indonesian people responded well to the arrival of the Japanese military. This can be seen from the cooperative attitude of national figures such as Ir. Soekarno and also Moh Hatta.

At the beginning of a brief history of the birth of the Indonesian nation, the Japanese Government was seen as actively giving goodness to the people of Indonesia by forming various community organizations. Even though behind this kindness, Japan has an interest in Indonesia. Some organizations known to be made by the Japanese government are the People's Power Center (PUTERA), the Three A Movement, Seinendan, Jawa Hokokai, Fujinkai, Keibodan, MIAI, Heiho, and the Indonesian Independence Preparatory Business Investigation Agency (BPUPKI) which was formed in the Prime Minister's government Tojo in 1943.

BPUPKI was then dissolved and replaced with PPKI or Dokuritsu Junbi Inkai. PPKI is not an organization formed by Japan, but a committee that is formed based on the agreement and also the struggle of national stores that play a role in independence. Japan's defeat against America made this country increasingly cornered. Seeing this, the young generation of Indonesia took advantage of this opportunity to proclaim its independence on August 17, 1945. Thus a brief history of Indonesia, hopefully useful for you.

Education System and Education Problematics in Indonesia

Indonesia is a country whose quality of education is still low when compared with other countries and even fellow ASEAN member countries also the quality of human resources of Indonesia into the lowest rank. This happens because education in Indonesia has not been able to function optimally. Therefore, education in Indonesia must be improved immediately in order to be able to give birth to a generation that has advantages in various fields so that the Indonesian people can compete with other nations and not to be left behind because of the fast-moving global currents.

     

To improve education in Indonesia requires an education system that is responsive to changes and demands of the times. The improvements were made from basic education, secondary education and higher education. Therefore, the Indonesian nation must use the education system and policy pattern in accordance with the state of Indonesia.

 The future of a nation depends on the quality of its human resources and the ability of its learners to master science and technology. It can be realized through education in the family, community education and school education.

Currently the school education must be accepted by all Indonesian people, because with education we can follow the global flow and can catch up with us from other nations. But in reality today there are still many people who have not been able to go to school because of economic factors. However, in this global era, it should not happen because it will hamper the development of human resources and the nation at large. Therefore, the Indonesian government should adopt a policy that can solve the problem.

 Education System adopted in Indonesia

     Indonesia now embraces the national education system. However, the national education system still can not be implemented properly. There are several systems in Indonesia that have been implemented, including:

• Value-oriented Indonesian Education System. This education system has been implemented since elementary school. Here learners are given the teachings of honesty, consideration, discipline, etc. This value is conveyed through Pkn lessons, even this value is also delivered at the level of secondary education and higher education.
• Indonesia adopts an open education system. According to this educational system, learners are required to compete with friends, think creatively and innovatively
• Educational systems are diverse. In Indonesia consists of various tribes, languages, regions, cultures, etc. And education of Indonesia consisting of formal education, non-formal and informal.
• An efficient education system in time management. In the KBM, time is set in such a way that learners do not feel burdened with the subject matter delivered because the time is too short or vice versa.
• Educational system adapted to changing times. In this system, the Indonesian nation must adapt the curriculum to its current state. Therefore, curriculum in Indonesia often experience change / change from time to time, until now Indonesia use curriculum KTSP.

Problems in Education
The problems facing the Indonesian nation in education include three principal proble, namely:

• Equity Education, Currently the Indonesian nation is still experiencing in the field of educational equity. This is because education in Indonesia can only be felt by middle to upper class. In order for education in Indonesia is not getting worse, then the government must take the right policy. For example, a 9-year compulsory education policy. This policy is implemented from elementary to junior high school. The government makes policy by leveling educators in each region.
• Cost of Education, Indonesia's economic situation is also worsening the impact on education in Indonesia. There are so many children who can not afford education because of the high cost of education. Therefore, in order for the Indonesian people not to be retarded, the Government started to issue BOS funds, which were given to students in elementary and junior high schools. This is done by freeing the tuition fee or creating a free-school policy for basic education. With the policy, it is expected that all education can be felt in all circles of Indonesian society.
• Education Quality, In addition to these two problems, the most fundamental issue is the quality of education. Because now our education is still far behind when compared with other countries. This is evidenced by the number of teaching staff who teach but not in accordance with the field. In addition, the level of honesty and discipline of students is still low. For example: with the frauds conducted during the National Examination of students tend to choose to get an answer instantly, for example by buying answers about the UN. Therefore, the quality of education should be improved, then the government makes a policy in the form of improving the quality of educators. What is done by re-evaluating educators to fit the conditions to become educators. In addition, the government should improve facilities and infrastructure, such as improving building facilities, reproduce books, etc.

Education is very important for a nation. Without education, the nation will be left behind from other nations. As well as the Indonesian people, education is one of the efforts needed to catch up from other nations, especially ASEAN nations. So education of Indonesia must be improved, both in terms of education system and infrastructure.

Indonesia consists of basic education, secondary education, and higher education. Currently the government is starting to improve the quality of education in Indonesia by making various policies and changing the system. Education Indonesia currently uses a national system that includes open systems, value-oriented systems, diverse educational systems, education systems adapted to changing times and an effective and efficient education system. To run the system, the government issued a 9-year compulsory education system aimed at elementary and junior high school students, free-school. Curriculum changes from time to time tailored to the current state of education, improving facilities, evaluating the performance of educators etc. With the efforts of education in Indonesia can be better so that the Indonesian nation can balance other countries, especially ASEAN countries.

The Differences of Ingenuity and Intelligence You Should Know

Sometimes we are specifically difficult to distinguish intelligence and intelligence possessed by humans. The results of the study of psychology expert stated that the ingenuity and intelligence that is a different matter. Where is the difference?

Here we will review the Ingenuity and intelligence Differences You Should Know.

Intelligence (Smart Peoples)

Intelligence is your ability to absorb information. When you can read and take knowledge of books or issues that you absorb, you are smart enough.

However, the ingenuity stop there. The scholar has a lot of knowledge, but sometimes hinders it in decision-making, the reason is that a lot of knowledge shows a lot of information.

Intelligence has limits, ie values, which are more closely related to the academic sphere, resembling if a high GPA means scholars, if a low GPA is stupid. Well, that's the limit of intelligence.

Ingenuity (Intelligence)

Ingenuity is the ability to manage intelligence. Successful people are sometimes people who are not very intellectual, but can manage smart people. Ingenuity makes you know who a scholar is suited to doing certain kinds of work. Ingenuity allows you to take advantage of a combination of intelligence.

Ingenuity does not just mean high IQ. But the meaning of Ingenuity includes several dimensions called Multiple Intellegences, which must be developed since toddlers, either through the process of education, the process of learning or other stimulation.

Originally the concept of Ingenuity has a meaning, as the ability to capture the gres situation and the ability to learn from one's past experiences, and this is supported by research that with high IQ test results, it will be academically successful. From here it was concluded that the IQ test only measures academic talent, while true Ingenuity includes a vastly broader range of skills.

The measure that states that intelligence only means high IQ, has been proven to be imperfect, with the emergence of emotional intelligence, spiritual intelligence and so on, so that we become intelligent, without being limited by certain categories of intelligence itself. We can be smart according to our own dreams.

What is the concrete pattern of difference of intellectuals and intelligent people in everyday life?

According to Julio Kido resembles that launched from Kompasiana, Smart is doing something in a regular and neat way in accordance with the rules that apply without adding or reducing resembling memorize in accordance with what must be memorized. Being smart doing something without rules sometimes adds creative ideas and more improvisation.

Here's the pattern of intellectuals and intelligent people:

First, If the Smart person before departing already preparing scoop as his equipment. But if the Intelligent only carries the equipments, Soon the Smart person will bathe with his scoop while the intelligent people look for plastic bottles and then split up to behave like a scoop or maybe use coconut shells or other tools that can be used to replace scoops.

Second, Smart People will prepare Hanger before leaving, Smart People always improvise. After arriving and want to change clothes Smart People will use the Hanger he brought while the Smart will look for the branches of the tree and look for the rope and then the branch in the middle tied with a rope and hung on the tree so that its function will be the same as hanger.

It's Still Fun, Vacation While Learning or Learning During Vacation

The definition of vacation is synonymous with no school. And, the holidays are also identical with the trip. This simple mindset most often settles on the child's head. No wonder if the baby indirectly expect parents to plan the most memorable vacation.

As a parent, of course difficult to avoid request baby. Moreover unfortunately also let them fill the holiday without any meaningful activity. Well, here is the need to rack my brain how to fill the holiday with creative and educative way. And no less important remains fun.

A creative and educative holiday. Yes, that's two things to emphasize. Moreover, sharpening creativity and educating children should not only be done in school, but also anywhere and anytime. Included in the holidays.

Maybe as an example is to invite children closer to nature. This kind of holiday concept has long been applied artist Ine Febriyanti. "I like to invite children close to nature when it fits the holidays," he said, Saturday (03/06/2012).

Practically, Ine invites his three children to camp in the open in Sukabumi, West Java. Or take a road trip with a vehicle and stop in the areas that provide beautiful natural scenery. "I like children close to nature and that's why I encourage them to go to school in Ciganjur," explained the mother of three children.

So even with the Diva Pop Titi DJ. "Normally, I'd rather take them on a vacation to a place where kids get closer to nature, let's say take them to Bird Park and Elephant Safari so they know the birds," explained the mother of four.

Could be, Ine and Titi DJ want his baby not only interact with gadgets, computers, let alone TV. Promotional marks of the times can isolate children from the joy of exploring nature. Not to mention the activities of teaching and learning in school sometimes also restrict children associate with nature.

This is what concerns Richard Louv. In his book Last Child in The Woods: Saving Our Children from Nature-Deficit Disorder, Richard writes how the lives of children who are far from nature will harm physical health, mental, and inhibit creativity. This condition is called Nature Deficit Disorder aka nature deficit disorder.

This situation also arrested a number of travel agents. They offer many school holiday package packages with educational tour themes. If there is no plan out of town, can listen to the offer of Dolphin Ecotourism who designed tour packages Hawthorn Turtle Conservation Program semi-natural and natural in the Thousand Islands National Park (TNKpS).

One of the activities is to see directly and touched the turtle (tukik). It can also release turtles. Release done in the morning or before sunset with a clean beach condition from the garbage.

As for those planning out of town, can observe the tour package from Lombok Network Holidays which offers Rinjani Trek five days and four nights via Sembalun. This tour package presents the experience of climbing Mount Rinjani.

Translated From Original Article @ Tribunnews /2012/06/03

This article has been aired on Tribunnews.com under the title Holiday Vacation Learned? Keep It Fun Lho, http://www.tribunnews.com/lifestyle/2012/06/03/liburan-sambil-belajar-ten-the-beautiful-lho.

Editor: Anita K Wardhani

Learning and Vacation

Who does not like the holidays. Although it only has a short time, this activity can teach many things to your toddler. What things can he learn?

a. Planning & Decision Making

When making a vacation plan to decide which destinations to choose, there's nothing wrong to invite children to get involved so he learned to plan and choose something.

b. Geography

Who says New Geography can be learned in junior high school? When selecting the city or country you want to visit, show the location of the city or country with the help of a map or globe. Can also be explained how long the journey will be taken if using a car, train or airplane.

c. Finance

When choosing the exact type of transportation and accommodation you will choose the appropriate budget. From here children learn about finance. Teach that there is a limit on the amount of money and tell the consequences. For example, if you choose a cheaper hotel, then vacation time can be longer, or eat more delicious.

d. Socialize

Whether on the trip or when arriving at a holiday destination, there will be many people with different shapes, looks and traits to be encountered by him. This is the best time to teach children to socialize, interact with strangers and learn to respect differences. However, do not let you neglect the safety factor. Keep a look at the child when your family is in a crowded place.

e. Patience & Ethics

Density of recreation when the holiday season makes you and your child must be willing to queue up. This is the opportunity to teach him about the ethics of orderly queuing up and patiently waiting for his turn.

f. Sharing

Less valid if traveling without bringing souvenirs for friends and relatives at home. By buying gifts for grandparents, nannies, and friends, children learn to care and share with others.

g. Culture, History & Nature

In the area where the child is on vacation, you can introduce it to the history, the natural richness and the local culture. Invite him to visit a local museum, a traditional market that sells things on Monday, watching dance performances and playing to the beach or mountains.

h. Culinary

It's time to train your taste buds and smell your toddler with a variety of local culinary specialties. Different textures, colors, aromas and different food flavors become the best 'guru' mouth and tongue.

Ramadhan Market in Samarinda

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Differences between Educating, Teaching, Guiding, and Coaching

Understanding Educating, Teaching, Guiding, and Train

What is educational understanding? Is it as educational as teaching? Then how to train and guide? Perhaps the difference between the four words (which is very closely related to the world of teachers, the world of education) is rather vague and unclear. Drs. Suparlan, M.Pd. in his book titled Becoming an Effective Teacher has listed the differences between educating, mentoring and training and teaching. Here are the four differences according to him:

Educate

Educate: In terms of content, education is strongly related to morality and personality. If viewed from the aspect of the process, then educate related to provide motivation to learn and follow the rules or order that has become mutual agreement. Then when judging in terms of strategies and methods used, educate more using exemplary and habituation.

Guide

Guiding: When viewed in terms of content, then guiding relating to norms and order. Viewed from the aspect of the process, then educate can be done by delivering or transferring teaching materials in the form of science, technology and art by using strategies and teaching methods in accordance with individual differences of each student. Then when viewed from the strategies and methods used, then guide more form of motivation and coaching.

Train

Train: Train when viewed in terms of content is in the form of skills or life skills (life skills). When viewed from the process, then the train is done by being an example (role model) and role models in terms of morals and personality. Meanwhile, when viewed from the strategies and methods that can be used, namely through work practices, simulations, and internships.

Teach

Teaching: When viewed in terms of content, then teaching in the form of teaching materials in the form of science. The process is done by giving examples to students or practicing certain skills or applying concepts given to students in order to become proficiency that can be used in everyday life. Strategies and methods that can be used for teaching such as expository and inquiry.

Educate Children Smarter (For 2 years Old)

Many studies reveal that the first year of child development is also called the golden stage or Golden Age that takes place in the first 1000 days of the baby's life. And in this time frame is the main time or prime time for the learning phase of the child. But as the development of children there may be some ha that make parents difficult to stimulate child development. Here are some tips to help parents teach children in this golden age to be more intelligent.

1. Introduce with music

According to research, revealed that music helps the development of children become more intelligent. The average child who studies music has a more prominent achievement than children who do not know music at all. Even music is also very useful when the child is still in the womb, as one way to make a smart child since the womb. And from the study also revealed that within 6 months only when a child learning the music of cognitive abilities experienced significant improvement.

2. Provide adequate nutrition

Nutrition is very important for the development of children, especially in the golden age of growth. Adequacy of nutrients and nutrients that enter the child's body will help support the development of children as a whole. A healthy child will certainly be smarter when compared to a malnourished child or suffering from malnutrition. Breast milk is one of them, because it contains the complete nutrition that children need during their development for at least the first two years.

At the age of 2 years, the child's brain needs the right balance of nutritional intake such as glucose, iron, vitamin A, vitamin B, zinc, and folic acid. Children who eat breakfast regularly have better memory and focus. One of the good breakfast foods is cereal and oatmeal made from wheat.

3. Include in every activity

Educating 2-year-old child is certainly a little different from how to educate children aged 1 year, in addition to child's growing age is much different. At the age of 2 years, the child can be invited and involved in doing family activities together. If when the 1-year-old maaih is still dangerous because the child may still learn the way, certainly different from the 2-year-old child who may have been able to run. This age invites children to engage in every activity of the house such as putting his drink bottle on the table, watering flowers, tidying his own toys and all the fun things at home. When inviting children involved, note that there are no dangerous objects nearby.

4. Adequate playing time

Children instinctively love to play, anything can be a media play for children. Do not forbid or try to stop the wishes of this one child. It would be better if the parents provide a place for him to play and also beraktifitas freely. Play can also make children become more intelligent, so choose educational gear. For example, puzzles, beams, balls, drawing paper and toys that can pull out music like toy pianos. Do not forget to always watch and keep the child as he plays. Because the child could have fallen or hit his maianan when he was busy playing.

5. Invite to read

Although not yet able to read, but invites children at the age of 2 years to start to know the book and reading will provide good stimulation for brain development. Do not just read a story or story to a child but invite him to read. According to research, invites children to read colorful fairy tale books, able to stimulate the ability to read early on. Because when reading a child's fairy tale not only see the visual of the book but also hear the words spoken by the mother or father who would be recorded in the child's brain memory.

6. Speak up

By inviting children at the age of 2 years to chat, indirectly parents will teach him various kinds of vocabulary. So the child will love to talk and also imitate speech. It will also improve the intelligence of the child and as a way to educate the child to be confident in speaking well.

7. Teach with good habits

The name of good habits must be built by getting children to do good things. For example throw samoah in place, pray, and should not say rude and also shout. Also teach children also simple activities such as pee in the toilet, eating with a spoon, wearing pants or clothes themselves. It is very good as one way to educate 2-year-olds to be disciplined and responsible.

8. Teach sleep on time

Sleep has an important role in helping the child's growth become more optimal. Indeed, many things that can be a cause of difficulty sleeping the night that can reduce the quality of child's sleep. But by teaching children to sleep on time it can be slightly reduced. At least the child's sleep time in these times until the age of 5 years should be no less than 11 hours or more than 13 hours in a day.

9. Limit time to watch tv

Television is now very developed with the number of programs offered. As a parent should be wise in giving television spectacle to the child, because this is a bit more able to give effect to the development of children. Give the right time to watch television, because children aged 2 years can already addicted to watching tv and this is not good for the attitude and behavior of the next child. Moreover, watching tv for two-year-olds does not have any meaningful benefits.

Indeed educate the child can not be equally - leveled out at all ages, because each child has his ability - each. So even with the intelligence of children, although it can be sharpened to be more intelligent but that does not mean parents can impose on the child. At this stage of age two, children are still in the exploration stage. So the way to educate it should be more inviting play and fun activities so that children do not experience pressure or stress.

15 Ways to Educate a True 2-Year-Old Child

Educating 2-year-olds is not easy, especially if your child is too critical or just too quiet and passive. Educating 2-year-olds is also quite difficult where the child can not yet be understood, but their visual reasoning is working well.

This fact that makes many parents, especially new parents to be confused how to take care of their children who turn 2 years of age. It is not easy and trivial to educate 2-year-olds, where they should model good things to be imitated by 2-year-olds, because they still use the viewing and reasoning system so bad or good will be absorbed and followed. Even if not stopped they will grow into the wrong person. Here are 15 tips for educating 2 year olds, anything?

1. Firmly

Being firm is the first thing you should do. Firm does not mean fierce, because basically, firmly is something that can make it easier for someone to be able to analyze our principles ourselves. For children aged 2 years they will be confused if a rule change. Today you forbid, then they cry and you allow it. With such inconsequential events the children will belittle you as parents. If you have applied a strict Sika from an early age, the child's brain sensor will easily absorb the attitude and will instinctively act on the firmness you apply to your child.

2. Show Love

Compassion is the most expensive and can not be exchanged. As you know that a 2-year-old child still needs a thing whose name is affection with a very high level or percentage not just a mere one. With these facts love can be one of the best educating ways for children.

3. Invite to Play

Inviting play is certainly the most appropriate way to educate children aged 2 years. Playing is indeed their world and not learning, but you can embed lessons into all their games to make it easier to remember. Taking 2-year-olds also adds to the closeness of mothers and children or children with other family members. Playing and outside activities is very helpful to improve the sensory and motor nerves of the child.

4. Speak Up

Speaking may sound trivial, but do you know that taking a 2-year-old child to talk can then train them to communicate, what they are like and how they communicate. Whether good or not, polite or not and anything else. Speaking can also help them to speak fluently and not lisp or stammer.

5. Show Good Things

Showing good things certainly not only in 2-year-olds who can learn, but to all children and even adults. Especially if you can show the immediate effect or "gift" that they will receive by doing good. Teaching children good things from an early age is considered very good because the ability to absorb children when he was 2 years very good and easy to practice by the child.

However, it does not mean you as a parent can give the lure and give a gift for them to do good. That's not the right thing, because many parents do that and make the kids never do something sincerely or expecting a pamrih. If you continue to be rewarded, your children will continue to do good things just because they will get rewards, and that is not good for the child's psychic development.

6. Recommend Good Habits

Introduce good habits not merely about helping to cross the parents and so on. 2 year old child does not know yet. To introduce good habits from the smallest such as taking your own drink, eating your own food, eating with your right hand, answering children's questions carefully or answering questions in good language.

7. Show Bad Things

Showing bad things for a 2-year-old child? what could possibly be. Should not show good things? no, to train their reasoning you can show bad things and show what things are forbidden. If necessary you show how the effects or impacts are received if doing the worst. In addition, showing bad things will help them analyze what is actually prohibited or what is allowed.

8. Teach Punishment

Teaching punishment helps you become a smart and assertive parent. What if they cry? the humane thing a 2 year old boy is punished and weeping. But with the punishment then you have taught that the life of 2-year-old child-had already had a rule or a good restriction or not. But the punishment must be adjusted and not too heavy. For example, when your child picks up his friend's toys then you should punish him by giving your child a toy to a friend who picked up his toys. Will a 2 year old child be crying? it is clear, but with that little thing you remove the nature or personality of your child's greed.

9. Stop Crying With Other Ways

Stop the crying not merely with praise and reward or lure. But to stop the crying is not also angry or beat them. Stopping a cry can be included in how to educate a child, at the age of 2 years the child should be taught to reduce the whimper by crying. Train them to talk about what is being asked not by crying.

10. Give the Rules

Providing rules helps them with a better life. 2-year-olds still need freedom of expression, they are growing up. However, that does not mean the rules are lost and specified. For example the child wants a cake 2 then the cake is gone, then he should not take his sister's cake or his sister. Because he already ate his cake. This is called a rule that can be applied to a 2-year-old child.

11. Let Them Contend

2 year olds are still 100% old? not necessarily, too. A 2-year-old child is able to present the desires and things most needed for himself. So let them think and express their desires and intentions. That way you can examine the extent to which your child has developed or not. Let them dare to express their wishes and opinions correctly since the age of 2 years. Because by arguing, the child will be able to understand what is meant by cause and effect.

12. Do not Limit Interest and Talent

Do not limit the interest and talent of 2-year-olds. For 2-year-olds are usually new to many things and recognize new objects that previously may never be known or never seen. So do not limit their interests and talents, some children sometimes have seen interest and talent since the age of 2 years.

For example, the child is happy with the color puzzle or may have been happy to play beams of interest then and talent can be seen from the game or their activities even if only vague. Because 2-year-olds are still familiar with a variety of things not including can be categorized as having liked a particular interest or talent.

13. Do not Snap

Snapping is the most prohibited thing in educating children especially those who are still 2 years old. Barking will only add to their fear, where snapping just shows the wrong thing in children aged 2 years. They will imitate you to yell at others to be heard, so you can grow the nature and personality of tempramen to the child who is still 2 years old. Snapping also can only grow a child into a thug and try to arrange other people including his friends.

14. Do not Use Hands

Using the hands is the most forbidden before snapping or after snapping. Using a hand will only cause a 2-year-old child to be terrified and traumatic. Especially if using hands to educate them minded that other people do cruel things and they should not be wrong, so the child will never want to try or want to do things at risk. It is clear the child will not develop well. If there is a use of the hand should be reminded, especially if the do is your spouse who together became parents with you.

15. Spend More Time

2-year-olds need high attention, great curiosity but not being able to take care of themselves cause you as a parent should be able to spend better time. Not only that, taking the time can help you provide better quality of education and more targeted. If you want to help a 2-year-old learn to speak well, then you should spend time better to keep talking and train your child to talk.

Similarly, a full explanation of some ways that can be followed to teach your child who is 2 years old, so that your child grows and develops positively, both physical and psychic.

Relationship Between Education Level and Public Awareness about Health

This is my first Post in 2018, it's has been while since my last Post in 2016, So Please enjoy my Latest Post, i hope you not dissapointed.

 Relationship Between Education Level and Public Awareness about Health

 One's education is one process of behavior change, the higher one's education then in choosing places of health services increasingly taken into account.

 According to Azwar (1996), is a factor that affects one's behavior and education can mature a person and behave well, so as to choose and make decisions more precisely.

 Education affects the learning process, according to Mantra (2003), the higher a person's education the easier the person will receive the information. With higher education then someone will tend to get information either from other people or from mass media. The more information that comes in the more knowledge acquired, also includes knowledge about health.

 The higher level of education or knowledge of a person, the more the need for health care centers as a place for treatment for himself and his family. With highly educated, the insights of pengatehuan are growing and increasingly realizing that it is so important to the health of life that it is motivated to make visits to better healthcare centers.