How to Writing a Paragraph...........?

What it’s paragraph
A paragraph is a basic unit of organization in writing in which a group of related sentences develops one main idea. A paragraph can be as short as one sentence or as long as ten sentences. The number of sentences is unimportant. However, the paragraph should be long enough to develop the main idea clearly.
A paragraph may stand by itself in academy writing a paragraphis often used in answer a test question such as the following define management by objectives, and give one example of it from reading you have done
A paragraph may also be one part of a longer piece of writing such as a chapter of a book or an essay. You will first learn how to write a good paragraphs, and then you will learn how to combine and expand paragraphs to build essay.

Paragraph Structure
The following model contains all the elements of  a good paragraph. Read it carefully two or three times, and try to analize its structure.

The three parts of paragraph
A paragraph has three major structural parts: a topic sentences, supporting sentences, and concluding sentences

The topic sentence states the main idea of the paragraph. It not only names the topic of the paragraph, but it laso limits the topic to one or two areas that can be discussed completely in the space of a single paragraph. The specific area is called the controling idea. Notice how the topic sentence of the model states both the topic and controling idea (see the picture above)

Supporting sentences develop the topic sentence. That is , they explain the topic sentence by giving reasons, example, facts, statistics, and quotations. Some of the supporting sentences that expalin the topic sentence about gold are (see the red word from picture above)

The concluding sentence signals the end of the paragraph and leaves the reader with important points to remember (see the picture above at the last sentence of the paragraph)

Unity and Coherence
In addition to three structural parts of a paragraph, a good paragraph also has the elements of unity and coherence.
Unity means that you discuss only one main idea in a paragraph.the main idea is stated in the topic sentence, and then each and every supporting sentence develops that idea. If, for example, you announce in your topic sentence that you are going to discuss two important characteristic of gold, discuss only those. Do not discuss any other ideas, such as the price of gold or gold minning.
Coherence means that your paragraph is easy to read and understand because;
1.    Your supporting sentences are in some kind of logical order and,
2.    Your ideas are connected by use of appropriate transtition signals. For example, in the paragraph about gold, there are teo supporting ideas:gold is beautiful, and gold is useful.

Each of these supporting ideas is discussed, one after the other, and an example is given foe ideas is clearly shown by using appropriate transtition words and pharases such as first of all, for example, another important characteristic, and in conclusion.
In summary, a well-written paragraph contains five elements: a topic sentences, supporting sentences, a concluding sentence, unity, and coherence.

Picture Dictionary 5 (for elementary)

Sea Animal 1

Picture Dictionary 4 (for elementary)

Vegetables 1

Picture Dictionary 3 (for elementary)

Small Animal & Insect 1

English Phonology

English Phonology
The common definition of phonology is the study of sounds or phonemes of a language. Sounds or phonemes of a language are not necessarily the same as the other languages. The sounds of English, for examples, are different from sounds of Indonesian. The differences occur in every segment of phonemes, such as: Vowel, dipthong, consonant (segmental phonemes);stress, intonation and juncture (supra-segmental phonemes).
Reffering back to the topic that is English phonology, it means that we are concerned with the sounds or phonemes of English to initiate the explanation of English sounds or English phonemes, it is better to start first the diffrences between sounds and phonemes as well as phonemes and letters.
Phoneme is the smallest unit of sound, which can bring about the change of meaning. From the definition, we know that phonem must be sound, but sound may not a phoneme (except it can change meaning). Phoneme is limited in number, while sounds are unlimited in number, in English, for example: long, vowels because / I: :, U: :, כ: :, α: :/ are phonemic but in Indonesian they are not phonemic because they do not change the meaning of words. For proves, look at the following illustrations below:

English                / bit / - / bi:t /        ‘bit        -    beat’
                          / bid / - / bi:d /      ‘bid        -    bead’
                         / k۸t / - / ka:t /       ‘cut        -    card’
                        / l۸k / - / la:k /        ‘luck        -    lark’

Indonesian     */ I:ni / - / InI /          ‘this          -    this’
                    */ ma:lu / - / malu /     ‘ashame    -    ashame’
                     / muk / - */ mu:k /     ‘face         -    face’
       

Picture Dictionary 2 (for elementary)

Fruits 1

Pictures Dictionary 1 (for elementary)

parts of bodies 1

Talking About Cross Cultural Understanding

There are a lot different food from each countries and cultures, and we can see it from a newspapers, magazine, or Television programs. for example American’s has a unique habits for eating a food, and there is a diffrences between an American who live in big city with a American people who live in small city or uptown, and  we know that American peoples really concern about they live and healthies and they have different perception about healthy food and unhealthy food.

Almost peoples in America likes a junk food such as burger, hot dog, sausages, etc. and they rarely eats at home especially for American peoples who live at Big City such as New York, Los Angeles, Las Vegas, etc. but it’s doesn’t mean an American peoples never eats at home, because most of American who eat outside it’s a unmarried peoples, so if they one of most busy people in their country and they didn’t have married, they seldom eat at home. And it’s different when they have married, they always have time for eat at home.

Most of American Peoples especially when they ages going to 18 or more ussually they decided to live separetely from they parents that’s the reason why. They rarely eat at home because they almost didn’t have a time to prepare their meals. And it’s quite differences if you live in eastern countries especially in Indonesia because in indonesia we always eat at home and if our ages going to 18, our culture didn’t recommende for you to live separately from your parents especially if you’re jobless, you‘re still in your parents responsible, except if you’re married already. And indonesian peoples rarely eats outside their home, they always eats in their home and almost eastern countries eats rice such as Thailand, Phlipine, China, and of course in Indonesia, people in Indonesia is really likes rice and there are some old word say “your stomach it’s not full if you didn’t eat rice already before eat another foods” .

Most of foods in Indonesia is rich of spices and ingredients and they feel tasted if the food didn’t have enough spiced or ingredients on they dishes. This food culture is influnce by Indonesia Geography that have a tropical forest and contains a lot of unique plants and trees that produces many kind of spices. That’s why Indonesia known as one of the largest countries who produces spices and ingredients in the world. And we can see almost dishes in Indonesia have at least 5 or 11 spices and ingredients in their foods, it’s different when you meet a dishes from western countries you almost cannot see they add a lot of spices on they foods. In western countries they didn’t know a lot of spices and ingredients as much as we know in eastern countries, they just know kethcup or salt to give a taste they foods. In eastern countries especially in Indonesia almost hundred of their dishes is cooked by fry and has a lot of greese or fat, and the smell it’s so strong and make you flying and hungries soon when your nose smell it.

The conclusion is that we know, there a huge different between eastern foods and western foods such as from the spices, ingredients and how they cooked. And we can see differences habits to eats a food between eastern countries and western countries from their daily activity and how they live everyday, and all of that it’s really change how they eats and how they do. And maybe we should try it someday if we have a time and oppurtunity.

My Teaching Experient

There are several reason, why i choose being a teacher as my job. First, I think it’s  very interesting work to do, because you can be a manager for your student, manage them, and help them when they find difficulty in their matter. And then why I really like be a teacher, it’s because I like to observate people behaviour especially kids. And the last thing from all, I really love children at all.

    Beside that, there are several teaching experient since I teached 3 years ago until now. Most of my experience are funny and can’t described in a words, because I really enjoy it. It’s fun to interact with the children, every day we can find something new from them, we can observated them, analize they habits, talking with them, etc. it’s never boring if you surrounded by little creatures named children, they always show us any kind of  live from their activity.

    But, it’s not always fun. Sometimes I got unhappy experient with my students, it’s because they really naughty and disobey some task from me. Some of them are very hard to close, need more try and hard work to make them close to us and need an extra patient for me if I want send my lesson to them. Sometimes I need unussual method for them to make my lesson  more easier so they can receive my lesson gently.

    For all my teaching experient about teach a difficult student (like the children who have unussual habits or children who haven’t good receiver than another children) there is a student, you can call him “Norman”. He is at second grades and he so very active and has unussual habits such as make weird noise, dance with no music, act like an animal, etc. but this kid doesn’t have any problem to follow any lesson in class, it’s very amazing for me if I see that fact about him above.

    That’s the way, I love my work very much because I found a new thing everyday from my student, even if they always naughty and that’s make me angry or yelling at them it’s not mean I am a cruel teacher. It’s just I really care about them, because some of them doesn’t have enough attention from they parents and that why, some of them are very naughty and stubbordess kids. But anything that happens above, I really enjoy my work as a  teacher and I love it very much.

Classroom Management

As teachers, we seem to spend a lot of time worrying about the behavior of the students we teach, but what exactly is the importance of classroom management? Well, in my opinion, effective classroom management strategies and skills are the most important abilities a teacher can have.

You can be the most effective communicator, who is adept at getting across often even the most difficult concepts, but unless you can influence the behavior of the students that you teach in a positive way, then the teaching and learning within your classroom will never be as good as it could be.

If you want to see the importance of classroom management, spend some time observing the work done by students in a lesson where thy behave in an inappropriate way. It's likely that they work that has been completed by the student in this lesson is less than desirable.

Classroom management cuts right to the heart of everything that we do as teachers, and without effective classroom management strategies we are left unable to deliver the curriculum effectively. A safe and positive learning environment must be created within your classroom, or pupils will not be able to access and benefit from the curriculum that you teach.

Effective classroom management is of critical importance to the success of the students that you teach. But promoting a positive learning atmosphere, and minimizing the poor behavior of the students that you teach doesn't have to be just something that you are born with. Classroom management strategies and techniques can be taught, and they can be learned.

Even the most experienced and effective teachers experience poor student behavior in their classroom on occasion. And you will do too. It's how you face up to, and learn from, these challenges that separates the best teachers from the rest.

One question that’s often debated is the effect that dress code has upon classroom behavior.  Some argue that dress code has a direct impact upon classroom behavior, and is one of the key drivers of inappropriate student behavior.

So does dress code impact upon classroom behavior and to what extent?  In my opinion, what the dress code of a school is, is much less important that whether the dress code is enforced.  Failing to enforce a high standard of dress code is often the first step towards inappropriate student behavior.

Enforcing the school’s dress code really is that important.  If pupil’s see that you are weak in this respect, then it will only be a matter of time before they push the boundaries in other areas too.

Forget the hype that a school uniform is an essential component of good classroom management in the classroom.  The consistent enforcement of whatever dress code is already in existence is far more important when it comes to preventing inappropriate student behavior with so many teachers struggling with inappropriate behavior it is hardly surprising that more people are coming online to find classroom management ideas.  Effective classroom control is hard, and coming up with classroom management  ideas is difficult when you are swamped by ever increasing piles of work.

One of the best sources of effective classroom management ideas, is also one of the most overlooked.  In every school, in every part of the world, there will be a few teachers who have superb classroom control.  No matter how much student behavior has deteriorated in the wider school, these teachers can control even the toughest students.

These teachers manage to demonstrate excellent classroom management skills, day in and day out. Each teacher will have a different range of effective classroom management techniques and strategies, but they will all be effective. 

I’m often amazed how few teachers actually commit the time to go and watch these teachers in action.  If you’re struggling with student behavior in your classroom, and if you’re desperate for some top quality classroom management ideas and tips, then go and watch these teachers tomorrow.

You will be surprised by how much you can pick up by watching them at work.  I frequently have other teachers, especially new ones, come and ask if they can observe one of my lessons. 

And each and every time, I’m delighted to say yes. Having your peers ask to observe your lessons is second only to seeing your excellent classroom management strategies start to yield results.

So if we’re desperately in search of effective classroom management ideas, then go and watch a fellow teacher tomorrow.  You never know, you might

Talking about Education.........

There are so many aspects that we can talked if want discusse about an education, for example we can talking about children development, school quality, teacher teaching skills, cost of school, and so many aspect we can discusse if want talking about it.

Most people ussually talking about the development of their children, it happen when they meet in some place or some other kind of meeting. If they talking with another people, they ussually always spread some kind of rumors to another people, but what I write above it’s a most popular topics that always talked. Sometimes their want to show about their children intelligence to another people. From the conversation they try to tell people beside them, that they have a greatest kids and tell that they kids is very special.

Ussually most of the talker are womens, who has have her own family and got married. They spend a lot of time to watching their children behavior and they development every days, because they don’t have a job outside their daily activity to take care the kids and they house and they not one of career women.

It’s different situation if we have look to other environment like people who live at middle low neighbourhood, they have different topics to talked. They didn’t have time to talking about their children education because they must work and work to find a sen of money to gave they family a food to eat and a water to drink.

It’s very seldom for the peoples who want talking about their future to have a education especially for they kids, they always suffer every day because they didn’t have something to eat. They feel shameless to another people that have more riches than them, they shy about they poorness.

Mostly they came from another city or they came from village, and they try to find they fortune to a big city, ussually they didn’t have a special skill to survive in big city, and what happen next is there is a beggar every where, every single corners of the city is full of them. But it’s cannot happen if we have an education.

In this situation we need some help from all peoples especially form the government. Don’t let them feel ignoring, desperate, and hopeless. We must help them especially to get a better education. Don’t let them alone, it’s like kicking them from our live with being ignore them and pretend that they not exist in our live.

It’s really shame and really bad situation, and I affaraid if the situation like this continiued for a several time, there is a negative consequen that we can have in the future.

I really concern about this situation because it’s happen surrounding our environment, that we really not know about it. So I want to tell everyone all over the world to help all unlucky peoples that can’t have a chance to get an education. So they can have a education to change their live.

Do You Love your Work as a teacher............?

this article writed to dedicated for all teacher in all development countries who have lower income but still have high dedication for his job. especially a teacher who hasn't fight for get a respect and honour from the goverment. and i take my hat above to respect them.

as a teacher sometimes we feel unhappy and feel upset about our condition, sometimes when we really bad mood or unhappy we try to free it to our children, and it's so wrong. i think when we feel angry and have a bad mood, we shouldn't throw it to our children. we must be a profesional we must know the different about personal problem and teaching problem, not to mixed it together. it can be a disaster especially when we has a teaching schedule. as a teacher we must love our job, because if we work not honest it will be ruins, if we continued our job.

sometimes we forget our duty as a teacher and leave our duty to find another job that have a better income for themself, Each teacher can recount numerous highs and lows in their teaching career. Personally, we experienced many great moments while teaching. These were days when we ended so happy and enthusiastic that we knew Iwe had selected the right profession. On the other hand, we had days where we definitely questioned teaching as a career. Days where the students seemed uninterested, too talkative, or worse a blow up occurred and nothing got taught. Thankfully the average combined with the positive days outshine our negative days.

Through many years of teaching and working in education, one event stands above the rest as my absolute best teaching experience. Through it we learned so much about teaching and dealing with students. we hope is that the student involved was at least partially changed for the better from the experience.

In the end, this experience changed us as a teacher. Students are people who have feelings and who don't want to feel cornered. They want to learn but they also want to feel as if they have some control over themselves. we never made assumptions again about a student before they came into my class. Every student is different; no two students react in the same way. It is our tasks as teachers to find not only what motivates each student to learn but also what motivates them to misbehave. If we can meet them at that point and take away that motivation, we can go a long way towards a more effective classroom and learning experience.

As a Teacher; Are We Smarter Than Our Children..........?

That question above it's almost hauted us as a teacher, we always thinking that we must be smarter that they. but in this day, we can't thinks like that.... almost children in this day, especially children in ages about 3 until 5 years, are almost know everything around them, beyond they ages, sometimes they know better than they parents or they teacher about something that we thinks more complicated.

I don't know why?but if we see closely it's very positive effect, why i say that?it's because as a teacher we more easy to send our lesson to them, but this fenomena it's not always accepted as a positive ways, some people (teacher) have another opinion about that, they not accepted it as positively because they thinks "teacher it's everything, and no children that smarter than they", so it's really difficult if we all thinks like that, we can't move forward because we can't accepted the changes.

And for now and for the future as a teacher we must improve our skill better and better so there isn't any word can say "my student is smarter than me".

Writing On A Computer

if you have access to a computer and know a word processing program, you can use it for the complete writing process from brainstorming to writing the final draft. On the other hand, you may prefer to do the prewriting stages of your paper with pencil and paper and then use the computer for writing, editing, and revising stages. Keep in mind that a paragraph written on a computer is formatted like a typewritten one.

Writing on a computer is the most efficient, time saving method of reorganizing and improving the content of your paper. You can add, change, and delete words, phrases, sentences, or whole paragraphs with just a few keystrokes. You can also move items from one location to another in a flash, and if you don't like the change you just made, you can change it back instanly.

Another advantage of using a computer is that you can tell the computer to proofread your paper for spelling errors. Most word processing programs have spelling checkers built into them. Most also automatically correct errors in capitalization. However, you must still proofread your paper yourself because a computer may not find all of your errors.

As your word processing skills improve, you can start adding boldface and hand type or even photos, charts, and graphic design in your papers, the possibilities are almost unlimited, it is well weath your time and effort to learn to use a computer for writing.

Language Assesment : A Practical Classroom Application

if we talk about language, assesment we must be thinking a lot of many kind of assesment and test for our pupils, but only a few of them as the teacher, know which one the better, assesment or test, and for know much about it, lets see the slide below

Language Assessment

Publish at Scribd or explore others: How-to-Guides & Manu colleage materials

and i hope this information can help you to choose which one the better one, assesment or test, and i hope as the teacher we can know a better solution for our pupils.

Why I Can't Speak English Yet....?

That question it's always sound in our head, cause after thousand ways that we try to learn an english but we haven't got the great deal about that, we still can't speak english well, So if we see to the back, there several causes that made we can't speak english well.

1. Environment
To speak english well must have an ideal environment to improve our speaking ability. why that? it's so simple we want speak english well, we must create an english environment around us, so we can practice our english every day without limit, but if the english atmospher can't made, never espect the best!

2. Speaking Partner
The second cause is, there isn't speaking Partner for us to practice our english. it's a major problem i thing, because if we don't have sparing partner for speak english, i thing we can't have any progress. so if we want speak english paster we must find a partner for speaking, and as the record we must find a partner that has speak english fluently and i suggested if you want speak english faster i recommend you better find a native speaker for maximum result.

3. Less Motivation
Another cause, why we can't speak english it's because we don't have a huge motivation, cause if we have a problem in learning a english we always desperate and hasn't a mood to learn again. it's why we never got a maximum result.

4. Hasn't a Direction or Last Destination
Everything in this world must have a destination or Final Dream it's happen to if we want to speak english we must have a destination for that, we must have a final want, because we must have a plan after we has been speak english well. because there is a theory say "Language it's 90% habits" so if we rarely use it, the language soon or later it's died.

Rizoa Maskuero Blog ♫ ♪

Rizoa Maskuero Blog

a place for shared and helps each other to get better in games and more, maybe this post in out of my blog topic but it's not fun if we always serious in live, so for a gamers and gamers mania you must visit this blog. ok and for Rizoa you're the man. :-)

and i say salute for blogger indonesia, keep make a quality blog and make indonesia proud to you with your blog.

Language Teaching History

Mid-1880s to the mid-1980s, search was for a single, ideal method, generalizable across widely varying audiences, that would successfully teach students a foreign language in the classroom.

The 1970s and 1980s were the years of greatest enthusiasm for methods. in what has been called the “post-methods era”. (audiolingualism, Silent way)

Edward Anthony
1. Approach: set of assumptions dealing with the nature of language, learning, and teaching
2. Method: an overall plan for systematic presentation of language based on a selected approach
3. Technique: specific classroom activities consistent with a method, and therefore in harmony with an approach

Richard and Rodgers (1986)
“method was an umbrella term to capture redefined approaches, designs, and procedures”

Prabhu ( 1990)
“method as both classroom activities and the theory that informs them”

METHOD
1. Series method. Francois Gouin’s publication of The Art of Teaching and Learning Foreign Languages (1880)
2. Direct Method of Charles Berlitz.
3. The Audiolingual Method of the late 1940s
4. Cognitive-code Learning Method of the early 1960s
5. “spirited seventies” to “Designer Methods”: Community Language Learning, The Silent Way, Suggestopedia, Total Physical Response, and others

David Nunan 1991
”It has been realised that there never was and probably never will be a method for all, and the focus in recent years has been on the development of classroom tasks and activities which are consonant with what we know about second language acquisition, and which are also in keeping with the dynamics of the classroom itself”

The Problem Of Method (Brown)
1. Methods are typically top-down impositions of experts’ views of teaching. The role of the individual teacher is minimized. His or her role is to apply the method and adapt his or her teaching style to make it conform to the method
2. Methods fail to address the broader contexts of teaching and learning and focus on only one small part of a more complex set of elements.

Method Vs Pedagogy (Brown;1994)
1. The term method is best replaced by the term pedagogy
2. Method implies static set of procedures, while pedagogy suggest the dynamic interplay between teachers, learners, and instructional materials during the process of teaching and learning. Brown characterizes the basis of language teaching pedagogy in terms of twelve principles that reflect current research and theory about second language acquisition

A Principled Approach
1. We did not need a new method. We needed, instead, to get on with the business of unifying our approach to language teaching and of designing effective tasks and techniques informed by that approach.
2. One’s approach to language teaching is the theoretical rationale that underlies everything that happens in the classroom. It is the cumulative body of knowledge and principles that enables teachers, as “technicians” in the classroom, to diagnose the needs of the students, to treat students with successful pedagogical techniques, and to assess the outcome of those treatments.
3. The interaction between one’s approach and classroom practice is the key to dynamic teaching

Variation at the Approach Level
1. An approach is by definition dynamic and therefore subject to some “tinkering” as a result of one’s observation and experience
2. Research in second language acquisition and pedagogy almost always yields finding that are subject to interpretation rather than giving conclusive evidence

12 Principled Of Approach to Language Teaching
1. Automaticity
2. Meaningful Learning
3. The Anticipation of Reward
4. Intrinsic Motivation
5. Strategic Investment
6. Language Ego
7. Self-Confidence
8. Risk Taking
9. The Language-Culture Connection
10. The Native Language Effect
11. Interlanguage
12. Communicative Competence

Diagnosis, Treatment, and Assesment
A principled approach to language teaching encourages the language teacher to engage in a carefully crafted process of diagnosis, treatment, and assessment

Diagnosis
1. Curricular plans and continues as an ongoing monitoring process in the classroom
2. Specific diagnostic assessment of each student upon entering a program

Treatment
1. It maybe thought of as courses of study or, better, sets of learning experiences, designated to target learner needs exposed by diagnostic assessment
2. Crookes and Chaudron (1991): ranging from controlled (drills, dialogues, reading aloud, display questions/answers, etc), to semi controlled (referential questions/answers, cued narratives, information, gap activities, etc), to free (role-plays, problem solving, interviews, discussions, etc.)
3. Principled choices for treatment is the extent to which a technique promotes a desired goal. (for example intrinsic motivation)

Exercises
Can you give the examples of the relationship between approach and treatment in:
1. Lower inhibitions
2. Encourage risk taking
3. Build students’ self- confidence
4. Help students develop intrinsic motivation
5. Promote cooperative learning
6. Encourage students to use right-brain processing

Assesment
1.Ongoing assessment of students’ performance as a course progresses, or what has commonly been called formative evaluation
2.Assessment cover both production and comprehension skills, a range of assessment tasks, individualized (including computer-adaptive) tests, and increased attention to the communicative properties of tests.

Conclusion
“METHODS,” as we historically understand the term in profession, are not a relevant issue in the sophisticated process of diagnosing, treating, and assessing learners of foreign language